SMOKE REMOVAL SYSTEMS

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The automatic smoke extraction system is  a set of equipment including, in the case of natural draft smoke extraction systems, smoke hatches with a possible smoke extraction control center and fire alarm equipment; in the case of mechanical smoke extraction systems, this includes fans, fire dampers and their controls.

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Smoke removal targets:

The main objectives of smoke control determine the criteria for the selection, sizing and reliability of smoke extraction equipment.

The objectives of smoke control are:

• keep the escape and entry routes smoke-free for the time required for evacuation;

• support rescue efforts by establishing a smoke-free zone;

• inhibit the onset of the combustion phase and thus slow down the growth of the harmless or prevent the development of the harmless to the combustion phase;

• to protect equipment, furnishings and property (inventory) in the building from smoke damage;

• reduce the effect of hot flue gas temperatures on building structures, facades or glass surfaces;

• reduce needle, smoke and heat damage;

• create an overpressure against the direction of escape, as a result of which the smoke of the escape route is cleared;

• reduce smoke density.

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Solutions

Depending on the construction measures implemented, the smoke control in the building is divided into three solutions:

• Solution 1: use hatches, door openings, windows and windows that can be broken safely in the upper third of the room and open from the floor (tempered glass windows in the basement and on the ground floor within easy reach of the floor) (natural smoke extraction, start level 1);

• Solution 2: use remote - controlled smoke and heat extraction hatches and windows (natural smoke extraction, start level 2, 3 or 4);

• Solution 3: The removal of smoke and heat from the fire by the exhaust fan (s) or by creating fan overpressure in the rooms where the smoke is to spread  prevent (mechanical smoke extraction, start level 2, 3 or 4).

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Smoke control trigger levels

There are four possible levels of smoke control:

• level 1: manual;

• level 2: manually operated mechanically or electrically;

• level 3: automatic (smoke extraction: automatic; air compensation: manual)

• Level 4: Fully automatic